Bony changes

Bony changes are:

1-Anterior osteophytes: Are of little significance, it could cause dysphagia.

2-Posterior osteophytes: Very important as it compresses the nerve roots and or the cord itself.

3-Osteoarthritis: Affects facet or neuro central joints.

Manifestation of osteoarthritis :

-In the joint space:

*Narrowing.
*Vacuum phenomena.

-Articular surface:

*Sub articular bone sclerosis.
*Sub articular pseudo cystic changes.
*Osteophytic lipping.